{"id":1135,"date":"2022-12-09T22:17:09","date_gmt":"2022-12-09T22:17:09","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/galaxyinferno.com\/?p=1135"},"modified":"2022-12-12T23:44:49","modified_gmt":"2022-12-12T23:44:49","slug":"how-to-solve-advent-of-code-2022-day-9-with-python","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/galaxyinferno.com\/how-to-solve-advent-of-code-2022-day-9-with-python\/","title":{"rendered":"How to solve Advent of Code 2022 &#8211; Day 9 with Python"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p>If you missed any previous days, click here for all my content about that: <a href=\"https:\/\/galaxyinferno.com\/advent-of-code\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Advent of Code<\/a>, if you want to know why you should participate and try to code the solution for yourself, click here: <a href=\"https:\/\/galaxyinferno.com\/advent-of-code-2022-7-reasons-why-you-should-participate\/\">Advent Of Code 2022 \u2013 7 Reasons why you should participate<\/a>. If you&#8217;re here to see the solution of Day 9, continue reading \ud83d\ude09 <\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"simpletoc-title\">Table of Contents<\/h2>\n<ul class=\"simpletoc-list\">\n<li><a href=\"#github-repository\">GitHub Repository<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#day-9-puzzle\">Day 9 Puzzle<\/a>\n\n\n<ul><li>\n<a href=\"#part-1\">Part 1<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#part-2\">Part 2<\/a>\n\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<li><a href=\"#conclusion\">Conclusion<\/a>\n<\/li><\/ul>\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"github-repository\">GitHub Repository<\/h2>\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/GalaxyInfernoCodes\/Advent_Of_Code_2022\">https:\/\/github.com\/GalaxyInfernoCodes\/Advent_Of_Code_2022<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I will upload all of my solutions there &#8211; in the form of Python (or Scala alternatives) notebooks. You have to use your own input for the &#8220;input.txt&#8221; since everyone gets their own and everyone needs to provide a different solution based on their input. <\/p>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"day-9-puzzle\">Day 9 Puzzle<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>On <a href=\"https:\/\/adventofcode.com\/2022\/day\/9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">day 9 of Advent of Code<\/a>, we had to simulate a rope. We are given series of instructions of how to move the head of the rope looking like this:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">R 4\nU 4\nL 3\nD 1\nR 4\nD 1\nL 5\nR 2<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>As always, I read in all lines and in this case directly parse each line into a letter (&#8216;R&#8217;) and the number following it. The <code>movements<\/code> list then contains tuples like <code>('R', 4)<\/code> etc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">with open('example.txt', 'r') as f:\n    lines = f.readlines()\n    movements = [(entry.strip().split(' ')[0], \n                    int(entry.strip().split(' ')[1])\n                  ) \n                    for entry in lines]<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"part-1\">Part 1<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>The movements from our <strong>input file tell us how to move the front (head)<\/strong> of the rope on a 2 dimensional grid. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>I decided to not create a grid and instead I just keep track of the coordinates of head and tail. Because of this I can&#8217;t run out of grid space and avoid index out of bounds errors:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">head = np.array([0,0])\ntail = np.array([0,0])<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>I use numpy arrays so I can easily subtract them from each other. First index is the row number, second is column. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Our task is now to <strong>check which coordinates in the grid the tail visits<\/strong>, based on these <strong>movement rules<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/galaxyinferno.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IMG_0261.jpg?resize=326%2C269&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1153\" width=\"326\" height=\"269\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/galaxyinferno.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IMG_0261.jpg?resize=1024%2C846&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/galaxyinferno.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IMG_0261.jpg?resize=300%2C248&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/galaxyinferno.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IMG_0261.jpg?resize=768%2C634&amp;ssl=1 768w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/galaxyinferno.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IMG_0261.jpg?w=1211&amp;ssl=1 1211w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 326px) 100vw, 326px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Movement rules for part 1<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>Once the head leaves the 8 neighboring squares of the tail, the tail follows like shown above. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>To move the tail, I <strong>calculated the differences between head and tail<\/strong>. Then I create a dictionary that tells me based on how far away the head is, <strong>how far the tail needs to move in each direction,<\/strong> encoding the above picture. This needed change is added to the tail to get the new tail position.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">def update_tail(head, tail):\n    difference = head - tail\n    change_for_tail={\n        # head is 2 up 1 right from tail, then tail follows up and right once\n        (2, 1):(1, 1),\n        # 1 up, 2 right\n        (1, 2):(1, 1),\n        # 2up\n        (2, 0):(1, 0),\n        # 2up 1left\n        (2, -1):(1, -1),\n        # 1up, 2eft\n        (1, -2):(1, -1),\n        # 2left and so on\n        (0, -2):(0, -1),\n        (-1, -2):(-1,-1),\n        (-2, -1):(-1, -1),\n        (-2, 0):(-1, 0),\n        (-2, 1):(-1, 1),\n        (-1, 2):(-1, 1),\n        (0, 2):(0, 1),\n        # additional cases for part 2\n        (2, 2):(1, 1),\n        (-2, -2):(-1, -1),\n        (-2, 2):(-1, 1),\n        (2, -2):(1, -1)\n      }\n    new_tail_pos = tail + np.array(change_for_tail.get(tuple(difference), (0,0)))\n    return new_tail_pos<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>The head update is fairly simple in comparison:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">def update_head(head, direction):\n    if direction == 'R':\n        head[1] += 1\n    elif direction == 'L':\n        head[1] -= 1\n    elif direction == 'U':\n        head[0] += 1\n    elif direction == 'D':\n        head[0] -= 1\n    return head<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Since we only need to check <strong>which coordinates were visited at least once<\/strong>, I used a set of tuples to keep track of that, because a set doesn&#8217;t save duplicates. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For each movement instruction I update the head, then update the tail based on that and add the new tail position. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">tail_positions = set([tuple(tail)])\nfor direction, distance in movements:\n    while distance &gt; 0:\n        head = update_head(head, direction)\n        distance -= 1\n        tail = update_tail(head, tail)\n        tail_positions.add(tuple(tail))\n        #print(f\"{head=}, {tail=}\")\nlen(tail_positions)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>In the end, we just need the length of the visited tail positions for the solution. <\/p>\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"part-2\">Part 2<\/h3>\n\n\n<p>To make it a bit more difficult, we now have <strong>a rope with 10 parts<\/strong>. A head and 9 parts that each follow the one before it.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The rope is still represented by the coordinates of its parts, it just has 10 parts now saved in <code>rope<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After updating the head, each tail is updated based on the previous one. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">rope = [np.array([0,0]) for _ in range(10)]\n\ntail_positions = set([tuple(rope[9])])\nfor direction, distance in movements:\n    while distance &gt; 0:\n        rope[0] = update_head(rope[0], direction)\n        distance -= 1\n        for i in range(1, len(rope)):\n            rope[i] = update_tail(rope[i-1], rope[i])\n        tail_positions.add(tuple(rope[9]))\nlen(tail_positions)<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n\n<p>Again, we just keep track of the positions of rope part with index 9 (the last one) like in part 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The only thing you need to consider here is that the tails have <strong>4 more movement possibilities<\/strong>. Because the <strong>tails can move diagonally when being pulled<\/strong>, while the head can only move in left\/right\/up\/down, it is now possible for rope parts beyond the 2nd one to be pulled into those directions too (here the H represents the leading knot in each pair of two):<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/galaxyinferno.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IMG_0262.jpg?resize=327%2C319&#038;ssl=1\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-1154\" width=\"327\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/galaxyinferno.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IMG_0262.jpg?w=1024&amp;ssl=1 1024w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/galaxyinferno.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IMG_0262.jpg?resize=300%2C293&amp;ssl=1 300w, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/galaxyinferno.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/12\/IMG_0262.jpg?resize=768%2C750&amp;ssl=1 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 327px) 100vw, 327px\" data-recalc-dims=\"1\" \/><figcaption class=\"wp-element-caption\">Additional movements in part 2 in orange<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n<p>So these are the additional cases in the map that you might have already seen above \ud83d\ude42 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<pre class=\"wp-block-code\"><code lang=\"python\" class=\"language-python\">def update_tail(head, tail):\n    difference = head - tail\n    change_for_tail={\n        # head is 2 up 1 right from tail, then tail follows up and right once\n        (2, 1):(1, 1),\n        # 1 up, 2 right\n        (1, 2):(1, 1),\n        # 2up\n        (2, 0):(1, 0),\n        # 2up 1left\n        (2, -1):(1, -1),\n        # 1up, 2eft\n        (1, -2):(1, -1),\n        # 2left and so on\n        (0, -2):(0, -1),\n        (-1, -2):(-1,-1),\n        (-2, -1):(-1, -1),\n        (-2, 0):(-1, 0),\n        (-2, 1):(-1, 1),\n        (-1, 2):(-1, 1),\n        (0, 2):(0, 1),\n        # additional cases for part 2\n        (2, 2):(1, 1),\n        (-2, -2):(-1, -1),\n        (-2, 2):(-1, 1),\n        (2, -2):(1, -1)\n      }\n    new_tail_pos = tail + np.array(change_for_tail.get(tuple(difference), (0,0)))\n    return new_tail_pos<\/code><\/pre>\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\" id=\"conclusion\">Conclusion<\/h2>\n\n\n<p>I loved that. This is all I wanted from the grid task yesterday \ud83d\ude00 <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The only thing I&#8217;m not too happy with is my unwieldy dictionary. I possibly could have deducted shorter rules but I hope the images made it clear what is happening in this function \ud83d\ude42 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>If you missed any previous days, click here for all my content about that: Advent of Code, if you want to know why you should participate and try to code the solution for yourself, click here: Advent Of Code 2022 \u2013 7 Reasons why you should participate. If you&#8217;re here to see the solution of&hellip; <a class=\"more-link\" href=\"https:\/\/galaxyinferno.com\/how-to-solve-advent-of-code-2022-day-9-with-python\/\">Continue reading <span class=\"screen-reader-text\">How to solve Advent of Code 2022 &#8211; Day 9 with Python<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1119,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false},"categories":[106],"tags":[104,105],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v22.5 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>How to solve Advent of Code 2022 - Day 9 with Python - Galaxy Inferno<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/galaxyinferno.com\/how-to-solve-advent-of-code-2022-day-9-with-python\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"How to solve Advent of Code 2022 - Day 9 with Python - Galaxy Inferno\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"If you missed any previous days, click here for all my content about that: Advent of Code, if you want to know why you should participate and try to code the solution for yourself, click here: Advent Of Code 2022 \u2013 7 Reasons why you should participate. 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